{"id":9412,"date":"2026-07-07T18:16:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T14:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/?p=9412"},"modified":"2026-07-29T14:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T11:00:34","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a2%d9%83%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88%d8%9f-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%8c-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/ar\/articles\/%d8%aa%d8%a2%d9%83%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88%d8%9f-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%8c-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u061f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/strong> \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0635\u062f\u0623&#8221;\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646-\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641-\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629-\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u061f (\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u061f<\/strong> \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (Corrosion) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/corrosion-arabic-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/corrosion-arabic-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/corrosion-arabic-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/corrosion-arabic-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/corrosion-arabic.png 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a). \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0645\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642-\u0628\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644&#8221; (Corrosion) \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623&#8221; (Rusting). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (Corrosion):<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (Rusting):<\/strong> \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b <strong>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630)<\/strong>. \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0623. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Electrochemical Process). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f (Anode):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 (Cathode):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a (Electrolyte):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><code>&#1578;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1589;&#1593;&#1583; (&#1571;&#1603;&#1587;&#1583;&#1577;): M &rarr; M&#8319;&#8314; + ne&#8315;  (&#1610;&#1584;&#1608;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1583;&#1606;)\n&#1578;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1576;&#1591; (&#1575;&#1582;&#1578;&#1586;&#1575;&#1604;): O&#8322; + 2H&#8322;O + 4e&#8315; &rarr; 4OH&#8315; (&#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1574;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1583;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1591;&#1576;&#1577;)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/articles\/metal-corrosion\/\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629-\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (pH):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 (pH \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a $H^+$\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (Stainless Steel)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Passive Layer) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641-\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631-\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639-\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 (Uniform Corrosion):<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a (Galvanic Corrosion):<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a (Pitting Corrosion):<\/strong> \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u061b \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 (Crevice Corrosion):<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/articles\/metal-corrosion\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/www.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1024x612.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Pitting) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645.\" class=\"wp-image-9285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1024x612.png 1024w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-768x459.png 768w, https:\/\/mail.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png 1284w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Pitting) \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0637\u0631\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-1-\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a\u0629\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-2-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062d\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-3-\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629-barrier-coatings\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 (Barrier Coatings)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\">ASTM<\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\">ISO<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629-\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d-\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062a) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <strong>\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 <a href=\"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/articles\/corrosion-repair-paste\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/ar\/materials\/corrosion-repair-coatings\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/a><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644:<\/strong> \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 (Erosion-Corrosion) \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/klevers-aryana.com\/ar\/materials\/corrosion-repair-coatings\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.klevers-aryana.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF-%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C-1024x589.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a-\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.\" class=\"wp-image-9199\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a 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(Rapping).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 <strong>&#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u061f&#8221;<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 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